Scribe Post 12/8/10

Announcements: Extra Credit 64 Punnett square due Monday; Quiz on Monday



Homework: Thursday: UP pages 51-52

Friday: Lab 35

Monday: UP pages 53-56



What We Did In Class: We talked about the different syndromes that can be caused with extra chromosomes and we went over UP pages 51-52.



Syndromes:



Edwards Syndrome: an extra part to the 18th chromosome. It has many physical and mental defects that it can lead to and early death.



Patau Syndrome: an extra part to the 13th chromosome. It has the same defects as Edwards Syndrome, only more severe, that it can lead to death soon after a baby is born.



Turner's Syndrome: a person that is missing a 2nd sex chromosome (ex. XX, XY now becomes X, X). It has minor conditions, but they cannot produce offspring.



Down Syndrome: this person has 47 chromosomes instead of 46. About half of the people born with Down Syndrome have heart problems at birth, so some can lead to early death.



Klinefelter's Syndrome: this person has an extra sex chromosome (ex. XXX, XXY). They are usually male. They have a low level of testosterone and usually have female-like features, since they also have 2 X chromosomes.







UP pages 51-52:



We talked about how children can obtain diseases from their parents in their genes. For the Sickle Cell Disease we found out that the alleles were codominant, which basically means dominant. For the Cystic Fibrosis, we found out that it's caused by a recessive allele in the 7th chromosome. For PKU and Tay-Sachs Disease, we found out that they both are autosomal recessive, so if they had children with people without the syndrome, then their children will most likely not have it either. However, for Huntington's disease, is autosomal dominant, so even if they had children with people that don't have the disease, they will still most likely get the disease, too. For Achondroplasia, it is also dominant, so their kids would most likely have the trait.

Well, that's all we did today, I hope everyone enjoyed it and got as much as they expected out of me.

The next scriber is Drake. Good Luck!!!

Scribe Post 12.7.2010

12.7.2010

Announcements: Quiz Wednesday or Thursday.

Homework: Finish Lab 35 (Due Friday) & 49-50 if not yet done.

Today’s period consisted of going over the homework Mr. Paek had assigned yesterday (12.6.2010) and starting Lab 35 in class.

• For example, one problem that we went over was (pg. 48 practice)...



Question: What is the probable genotype of individual D?

Solution: Since we know D’s parents are Hh x hh we can now make a Punnett square.



To determine which one genotype is correct, we must look at D’s offspring. Individual D’s husband has a genotype of hh. One of their children, K, has Hh. The Punnett squares below show two possible crosses for C x D given that D is either Hh or hh.





Therefore, since it is not possible to have an offspring who is Hh (K), the genotype for D must be Hh.

Also, we went over what we had learned so far such as the single traits, dihybrid, codominant, blood type, and sex linked genes. (Briefly explained below)


• Single trait- a trait controlled by a single gene that has two alleles.



• Dihybrid- mating between two individuals, both of whom are heterozygous for the two genes being followed. i.e: AaBb x AaBb




• Codominant- Describes two or more alleles that are equally dominant.
i.e: WR- WR= White + Red



• Blood Type- Contains three different alleles, two copies of which exist in all human body cells.




• Sex Linked Genes- concerning characteristics that are determined by genes carried on the sex chromosomes. (X & Y)



This concludes our Bio day :)


Next Scriber- Lauren

Monday 12.6.10

Announcements: None

Homework: UP pages 46-50

Today in class we learned about X-Linkage (Sex Linkage) Problems. An X-linked trait is one whose gene is carried only on the X chromosome. Females have two X chromosomes (XX) and males have one (XY). There is no corresponding gene on the X chromosome, so one recessive trait could show up in a male. Examples are colorblindness, hemophilia, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Women who don't have the disease but have one recessive allele are called carriers.

Affected female has children with a normal male.

Steps 1&2: The first thing you do is assign letters and determine the genotypes of the parents. XM-normal, Xm=affected, and Y=male chromosome with no affected ellele.
            XMXm-carrier female, XMY-normal male

Step 3: Determine gamete genotypes prodeuced by each parent:
            XMXm= XM, Xm           XMY= XM, y     
For all X-linked punnett squares, always start with a normal punnett square and XY (male) on one side and XX (female) on the other:


Step 4: Set up the punnett square with XM and Y on one side, and Xm and XM on the other

Step 5: Combine parental gametes:


Genotype: XMY*XMXm
Phenotype: 1 normal female (XMXM), 1 normal male (XMY), 1 carrier female (XmXM), and 1 affected male (XmY).

Autosomal: any chromosome other than a sex chromosome.


We also learned about Pedigrees.
SYMBOLS:
Squares=male
Circles=female
Black square/circle=affected (recessive) individual
Half black/half white=carrier


Here is an example:

Pedigrees can be x-linked or not x-linked. In the pedigree above, the black circles/sqaures represent colorblindnes, it is recessive. Colorblindness is x-linked. For the pair in the first generation, the male is colorblind (XcY) and the female is not. She is not a carrier, so she must be XCXC. Their sons are not colorblind, so they are both XCY. The daughter in the second generation is a carrier, so her genotype is XcXC. Her husband is a normal male (XCY), and so is one of her sons. The other son got the recessive gene so he is colorblind (XcY).

Here is a pedigree for a trait that is not x-linked:



     This is a pedigree for attached earlobes (aa). For the first generation pair on the left, the male has attached earlobes (aa) and the female does not. The female must have the recessive gene (Aa) because one of her children has attached earlobes. The one that has free hanging earlobes also must have the recessive gene (Aa) because it has a kid with attached earlobes.
     The first generation couple on the right both have the genotypes Aa. This is because 3 out of their 4 kids have attached earlobes. The one that has free-hanging earlobes has Aa, because it has a kid with attached earlobes.


Next scriber-Gabriela

Friday 12/03/10

Anouncements: Be ready for a Pop Quiz. Next week for Extra Credit Mr.Paek will give a trihybrid cross. (64 squares)

Homework: UP 40, 41, 44

What we did in class...
We did UP pg. 39 and pg. 43. We learned how to do Incomplete Dominance, Codominance, and Multiple Alleles.

Incomplete Dominance:
*Sample Problem: Cross a red flower with a pink flower.

• Assign letters (R- red W- white RW- pink)
• Determine the parental genotypes. (RR x RW)
• Set up a Punnet Square using the gamete genotypes.
  
  
  

• Combine the gamete genotypes of one parent with those of the other parent to show all possible offspring genotypes.
  
• 
  
• 
  

• Determine the phenotypes of the offspring and state the genotypic and phenotypic ratios.
  --- Genotype: 2 RR, 2 RW
  --- Phenotype: 2 Red, 2 Pink

Multiple Alleles:

*Sample Problem: Cross a homozygous for type B blood with a heterozygous for type A blood.

• Assign letters and determine the genotypes of the parents (IBIB x IAi)
• Determine the gamete genotypes produced by each parent (IBIB= IB, IB/IAi= IA, i)
• Set up Punnett square using the gamete genotypes
  

• Combine parental gametes
• 
  

• 
  
• 
  

• Determine the phenotypic and genotypic ratios of the offspring and answer the question. --- Genotype: 2 IAIB, 2 IBi
  --- Phenotype: 2 type AB blood, 2 type B (hybrid) blood

Joels Scribe for 12/2/2010

Hey everyone, here's what we did today.

HOMEWORK!
35+37-38

Announcements:none

Class Time:
In class we did not do much, we talked about Dihydrid problems and then Mr.Paek gave us time to work on the unit packets.
-We were talking about crossing over, that's when two chromosomes pair up, get very close and exchange parts of each. There are 5 different kinds, we learned the second kind.




-When you try to find out the hair color or height, more then one set then you use Dihydrid. Most commonly, when you have two traits.






How to Solve Dihydrid problems


(1) Find the Genotypes and Phenotypes


Ex:Tall=T, Short=t





(2)Determine the parent genotypes


Ex:TTtt or RRrr



(3) Use the F O I L method like Mr. Paek showed us


FOIL=First,Outer, Inner,Last





(4)Put in on a Chart Like this....





















(5)Then find out the Genotype and Phenotype Ratio

That's it!

Tomorrows Scribe will be by....Zack(if he did it, then Alex)
I hope i was helpful, goodnight to all!

JAKE NELSON, 12/1/10

Announcements: none
Homework: finish pages 23-28 if you did not finish them in class

Mr.Paek briefly went over meiosis with us for a couple minutes and showed us a slide of the stages within meiosis.
Meiosis 1
Prophase 1- KNOW THIS IS THE STAGE WHERE CROSS OVER HAPPENS
Crossing over is when pieces of homologous chromosomes cross over and switch place, this results in variety of the offspring.
Metaphase 1
Anaphase 1
Telephase 1
Meiosis 2
Prophase 2
Metaphase 2
Anaphase 2
Telephase 2


Then Mr.Paek told us to do the lab on pages 23-28, which had to do with genotypes and traits. Heads means that it is a dominant trait (A). Tails means that it is a recessive, buy the only way it can be a recessive trait is if both the coins land on tails. That was our day in biology class.

Scibeost 11/30/10

Homework:

Packet pages 30 and 31

Today in class we talked about Meiosis. Meiosis is the process in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell. Meiosis looks like this

Today in c;ass we also talked about Genetics. we went over some word like:

Allele- which is a form of a gene represented by a single letter(ie: a, A)

Homozygous-a homozygous has to like genes for a given trait, AA, BB, zz, dd.

Phenotype-the result of a genotype in regards to it's function or appearance. What a thing looks like (its traits).

Genotype-Genes that give a phenotype.

We talked about Gregor Mendel. He was the founder of genetics and also created the Punnentt Square.(below)

12.2 The Structure of DNA

What is DNA? DNA is a nucleic acid made up of nucleotides joined into long strands or chains by a covalent bonds. Nucleic acids are long molecules found in cell nuclei. They are made up of smaller subunits or parts. These parts consist of three basic parts: a 5-carbon sugar called deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. All the parts are linked together to form long chains.

Nitrogenous bases are bases that have nitrogen in them. DNA has four kinds of nitrogenous bases which include adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. Each of these bases are held together by a hydrogen bond. In order for the bases to be with their partner in order to work called base pairing. Therefore, A (adenine) goes with T (thymine) and C (cytosine) goes with (guanine).

Erwin Chargaff had discovered that the percentages of A and T bases are almost equal in any sample of DNA which also works for G and C. DNA samples from organisms as different as bacteria and humans obeyed this rule, but no one knew why they did.

James Watson and Francis Crick tried to understand the structure of DNA. They tried to build many models of the possible DNA structure out of cardboard and wire. But nothing ever worked. Then, in 1953 Watson saw a copy of Franklin’s X-ray picture and suddenly figured out the missing piece. Later on, he ran to Crick to tell him that they had figured out the structure of DNA which was called the double-helix model. In a double-helix model two strands of DNA run in opposite directions and explains Chargaff’s rule of base pairing and how the two strands of DNA are held together.

13.1 Notes

The Role of DNA

• Cell separates the two strands od DNA and then uses base pairing to make a new complementary strand for each.

RNA: like DNA, is a nucleic acid that consists of a long chain of proteins.

• Genes contain coded DNA instructions that tell cells how to make proteins.

1. First step, copy base sequence of DNA into RNA.
2. Second step, RNA uses these instructions to direct the production of proteins.(determin characteristics of an organism.)

Comparing RNA and DNA

RNA                                                                      DNA
1. sugar is ribose                                                 1. sugar is deoxyribose
2. single stranded                                                2. double stranded
3. contains Uracil                                                 3. contains Thymine
4. leaves Nucleus and goes to Ribosomse         4. stays at Nucleus

• Because of differences enzymes can tell them apart

Functions of RNA

• Controlls the assembly of amino acids into proteins. Different types of RNA molecules specializes in different jobs.
• 1. Messenger RNA( mRNA): Carries instructions for proteins from the Nucleus to ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
• 2. Ribosomal RNA( rRNA): Forms an important part of both subunits of the ribosome.
• 3. Transfer RNA( tRNA): Carries amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the coded mRNA message.

Transcription:
Segments of DNA serve as templates to produce complementary RNA molecules.

• In prokaryotes RNA synthesis and protein synthesis take place in cytoplasim.
• In eukaryotes RNA is poduced in Nucleus and then moves to cytpolasm to produce proteins

Transcription requires an enzyme RNA polymerase

• 1. Binds to DNA during transcription and separates DNA strands.
• 2. Uses strand of DNA as a template to produce a complementary strand of RNA

Promoters

RNA polymerase knows where to start and stop making a strand of RNA

• It binds to promoters, regions of DNA that have specific base sequence.
• Promoters signal in DNA molecule that show RNA polymerase exactly where to begin making RNA

RNA Editing

• RNA molecules need editing before they can be read.
• pre-mRNA molecules have bits cut out of them before they can go into action.

Introns: the portions that are cut out of the pre-mRNA also known as Exons( in eukaryotes) but the introns are taken out in the nucleus. The remaining pieces are then sliced back together to form the final mRNA.

• Introns and exons may play a role in evolution, making it possible for very small changes in DNA sequences to have dramatic effects on how genes affect cellular function.

             

13.2 Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis

The Genetic Code

Polypeptides are when amino acids join together to make long strands. 20 different amino acids are found in Polypeptides.

A,C,G, and U (adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil) the letters are called the genetic code. The genetic code is read three letters at a time, so that each "word" is three bases long and corresponds to a single amino acid. Each word is called a condon.

How to Read Codons

If you are trying to decode UGG

first go to the U the work your way to the next letter then after that the next letter.

If you match it up right you will get Tryptophan.

Start and Stop Codons

AUG (methionine) is a start codon which means that the strand starts there.

Then there is a stop codon which signals when the strand stops.

Translation

Once the polypeptide is complete it folds into its final shape.

The decoding of an mRNA message into a protein is called translation.

STEPS

1)mRNA attaches itself to a ribosome. tRNAs bring the right amino acids into the ribosomes. The ribosome then begins to attach the right amino acids onto the growing chain.

Each tRNA carries just one type of unpaired amino acid and it is called anticodon.

2)Form a peptide bond once the anticodon finds its match.

3)the polypeptide continues to grow until it reaches the stop codon.

Roles of tRNA and rRNA in Translation

tRNAs role is to decode mRNAs message so that the ribosome can find the right amino acid for the spot.

rRNAs role is to keep ribosomal proteins in place and to find the beginning of the mRNA message.

The Molecular Basis of Heredity

Basically that once polypeptide becomes a protein is when you start to get your skin color, pigment, hair color, eye color, and so on. Proteins are enzymes which produce a chemical reaction in which all of those happen.

Yes you may be thinking these notes are short, but thats because it was only about three pages.

LEGEND

Scribepost 11/15/2010

Scribepost 11/15/2010

Homework:

.13.1 and 13.2 notes due wednesday

.Tribute article due next monday

Today in class we started out with an open note quiz on 12.2 and 12.3 notes and in class notes we have been taking during class. After the quiz we went over it and were given the answers. Then Mr. Paek splatter DNA on Quinn's desk and he called it boogers.

The DNA came from a lab we were supposed to do last week but Mr. Peak forgot so we didn't get to see it happen.

Class Notes:

.DNA polymerase (unzips) the DNA strand to replicate the DNA

.Once the DNA is split a copy is added to form two new DNA strands

.DNA becomes RNA so that it can fit through the necleus membrane

DNA compared to RNA:

RNA DNA

1. Has ribose sugar 1.Has deoxyribose

2.Single stranded 2.Double stranded

3.Contains Vracil 3.Contains thymine

Types of DNA

.mRNA-Messenger RNA produced in nucleus then travels to cytoplasm

.rRNA-Makes up ribosome

.tRNA-Transfers RNA and carries amino acids

That is all for todays scribepost thank and come again. Also watch out for Mr. Paek he is flinging DNA all over the place.

12.3 DNA Replication

Key Terms:

Replication: This process occurs late in the interphase of the cell cycle, it ensures that each cell has the same complete set of DNA molecules.

DNA polymerase: It is an enzyme that joins individual nucleotides to produce a new strand of DNA.

Telomeres: DNA at the tips of chromosomes.

Histones: Proteins around which chromatin are tightly coiled.

Notes

Replication is when the DNA separates into two strands forming replication forks and then following base pairing they get complementary strands. (Such as A-T or C-G)

Enzymes: Replication is done by many enzymes the first separating the DNA molecule by breaking the hydrogen bonds between base pairs. When they separate each strand gives an outline for what complementary base it needs (A-T, C-G). The enzymes are named for their function since they are specific. The primary enzyme is DNA polymerase (see Key Terms). Another function enzymes perform is making sure that each new DNA strand is a copy of the original.

Telomeres: Telomerase replicates it, because it is difficult to replicate. Since it rapidly divides it helps genes not be damaged.

Prokaryotic DNA replication: Occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle. DNA is found in a single, circular, DNA molecule in the cytoplasm. Replication doesn't start until the regulatory proteins bind to a single spot on the chromatin. KEY: Replication in most prokaryotic cells starts from a single point and proceeds in two directions until the entire chromosome is copied.

Eukaryotic DNA Replication: Occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle. Their DNA is in the nucleus packaged into chromosomes. Eukaryotic chromosomes are bigger than prokaryotic cells. Key: In eukaryotic cells, replication may begin at dozens or even hundreds of places on the DNA molecule, proceeding in both directions until each chromosome is completely copied. Proteins check for damage or mismatched base pairs before the DNA is replicated, but sometimes they are replicated and base sequences may be changed and cause bad side effects. The two new DNA copies are separated at anaphase.

Period 8 November 10 Scribepost

We started the day with the following:


Announcements:
          Mr. Paek told us our homework, passed out our progress reports which had our test grades, passed out a new packet and calander for the month and told us about an assignement that is due November 23rd. The assignement is in the new packet "It's In Your DNA!" on page 3. He also showed us examples of papers that have been already completed. All in all the assingement is a paper about how you discovered the way DNA looks like(double helix). Ask Mr. Paek for more info. :)

Homework:
          Like I said before the homework is the assignement that is due on November 23 and the other homework is in the new packet "It's In Your DNA!" on page 7 and 8 that are due friday.

In Class:
          Mr.Paek made a power point and handed out another fill in the blank packet ( STS Biology Genetics I Student Notes) to the slide show so we can make notes on it.

This is how many notes we took so far:

Researchers involved in the Discovery of DNA

Watson and Crick won the Nobel Prize for discovering structure of DNA in 1953 however Rosalind Franklin helped with the discovery but she died an an anonymous person because Watson and Crick took all of the credit.

Model of DNA



                                                                         





DNA Structure: deoxyribonucleic acid.
1. Deoxyribose- 5 carbon sugar.
2. Phosphate group- PO4.
3. Nitrogen bases-connected together by H bonds.

Nucleotide: are the single units that make up nucleic acids

Double Helix- 2 strands connected together by a nitrogen bond.

Types of Bases: Purines and Pyrimidines.

Purines: Adenine (A), Guanine (G)

Pyrimidines: Thymine (T), Cytosine (C)

                                           -And thats all the notes we took.


         Our class also had a discussion about cloning: how it is illegal, what we know about it, any movies with cloning in it, and what our opinions are on it. We also discussed stem cell research. We debated on if it is okay to do so or just plain bad. Did you know that the embryo already has a heart beat by the time of 6 weeks? And at the end we had about three minutes to work on our homework: pages 7 and 8 in the new packet.


                                     Clones :) ( so cute )




                    Stem Cell Research

Thats all for today :)

ScribePost 10/29/10

Hello fellow classmates

Just to let you know, this scribepost is from last week so don't get it confused with this weeks.



We started class with a Disease For The Day!!!

It was Schistosomiasis. The agent for disease is a worm parasite.

Schistosomiasis causes over 1 million deaths per year in the world. The parasite lives in a snail. It is treated with antiparasitic drugs. A result of the disease is death and an enlarged stomach.

The Lab

The lab starts on pages 13 in the unit packet and ends on page 18. The lab was to swab any three places in the classroom any transfer that area by putting it on a petri dish with a kind of geletin that would keep the bacteria on the dish. Once we did that we were done with that part of the lab, because we had to put the bacteria cultures into an incubator which is sort of like an oven but it only goes up to a certain temperature that the bacteria thrives at. The next part of the lab was to swab another petri dish with broth culture of peppercorn bacteria, and then put a paper disk as the control in one quadrant, and three antibiotic disks in three seperate quadrants. And then Mr. Paek put the petri dish for each group into the incubator.

Homework: None!!!

It would be a good idea to read section 20.3 but you do not have to take notes on it.

11/1/10 Blog

Hellooo period 8 Bio-ers! Here is a recap on what happened today.

1) Mr. Paek talked about a new project: A post card to sent to your technology hating grandma Gurtrude about a new virus epidemic (you choose what one) and send a post card telling her how to prevent it. Look on UP page 2 for more information.

2)We finished the bacteria lab that we started last Friday by checking the petri dishes and seeing the growth of the bacteria that grew. According to some people, it smelled bad....but whatever. Then you finished the remaining questions about the lab.

3)Third and Finally, we watched a BILL NYE THE SCIENCE GUYY video about bacteria.

Annddddd thats about it!

REMEMBER: THE POST CARD IS DUE NEXT MONDAY!
HOMEWORK: 35.2 NOTES!

35.2 Defenses Against Infection Texter

The section of pages that you should have read were section 35.2, pages 1014 to 1019. The book talked about how your body protects yourself from infectious diseases.

The first barriers of defense your body has for protecting you from disease is your skin. Your skin is a thick barrier that keeps most of the diseases out of your body. But, microbes can still find ways into your body through your eyes, nose and mouth. Fortunately, they too have their own way of defending you. Your eyes protect you by using lysozyme, which is an enzyme that breaks down bacteria cell walls. The nose creates mucus that traps pathogens and your stomach acid kills most of the things that you swallow. If a pathogen doe enter your body the immune system uses its secondary line of defense that includes raising your body temperature (fever), inflammation response and interferons.

The inflammatory response is when infected areas becomes inflamed and painful because of histamines which cause increased blood flow to the infected area. When this occurs the amount of white blood cells in the area greatly increase because they are destroying the invading bacteria. Interferons are certain cells that interfere with virus growth by producing proteins that don’t allow the viruses to grow. A fever is your body’s way of slowing down or stopping the growth of pathogens. It is caused when the immune system releases certain chemicals that increase body temperature.

The immune system defenses distinguish your body’s own cells from harmful other cells. A healthy immune system recognizes its own cells and knows that they are not harmful. Your immune system also recognizes harmful cells. When a harmful cell invades your body your body attacks it and then remembers it so that if it ever attacks again your body will recognize it faster, this is known as immune response. Antigens are a foreign substance on a harmful cell that the immune system recognizes and tags to be destroyed. When it senses antigens it increases the amount of cells that kill the invaders. Antibodies tag antigens for destruction. Each antibody is made specifically for one type of cell only.

B-lymphocytes are cells that travel to the invasive cells and are created in red bone marrow. T lymphocytes are the cells that are made in the bone marrow but mature in the endocrine gland. They work together to locate and destroy invasive cells. The humoral immunity depends on the response activated when antibodies embedded on B cells hold onto antigens of invading cells. An antigen binds to an antibody and then waits for a T cell to stimulate the division of the B cells.

Plasma cells produce antibodies that are moved throughout the bloodstream. These antibodies float around and mark cells of pathogens. Healthy adults produce around 10 billion different types of antigen that allows the immune system to respond to virtually anything that enters the body. Memory B cells are the cells that remember the pathogen that the body fought off. After an infection is gone the plasma cells that destroyed it die. The memory B cells remember it and if it ever comes back it will know which plasma to make. In the long term it allows your body to build up immunity to it.

Cell mediated immunity guards the body against viruses, fungi, and single celled pathogens that take over and use the bodies own cells. It also protects the body from itself if any of its cells become cancerous. If a cell is infected with a pathogen the cell displays a little of the antigen on the outer surface and marks it to be destroyed.

This activates cytotoxic T cells, which hunt down the infected cells and kill them by puncturing their membranes or apoptosis. The memory T cells help the immune system detect if the same pathogen enters the body again. Suppressor T cells help the immune system stay in check once the infection is under control and also inhibit autoimmune deficiencies. Although cytotoxic T cells are useful to the body, they make organ transplants difficult because they recognize the organ as not itself and it tries to attack it. This is why organ transplant patients usually have to take medications the rest of their lives.

Now that you read this you should have a good idea about how the immune system works, and what it does. Thank you for reading. 8^th Period Mr. Paek’s BIO Rocks!!!!!!!

KIDS THESE DAYS

What is shaken my fellow classmates!?

Right now the weather is feeling to dangerous so that is not what we will be talking about. I will also not be talking about the faces on the students when they finish reading this because I have not even posted it. HAHA classic.

I will be talking about topic that all kids are talking about........

!BACTERIA!

Cell division is the only form of reproduction. It is know as asexual.(the production of genetically identical offspring from a single parent)

There is also conjunction. When bacteria pass genetic info between each other through a hollow bridge. Also known as SEXUAL reproduction.

Lots of bacteria remain dormant until conditions are better to grow. Like a seed, this ones for you Mr.Paek, it remains in packet until put in the ground with all the things it needs to grow. Just like the bacteria it stays in a Spore formation, a protective covering, until it is ready to get its work done,(like a BOSS).

Now all you children out there think bacteria only hurts you like punching and kicking and taking over the world, but your wrong!

They act as decomposers by breaking down dead organisms and creating new material. They also act as Nitrogeon fixers, (bacteria does a lot of acting).

Many people of are galaxy use bacteria to give it a flavor that brings joy to living things around the world.

BUT.........

Bacteria also spread diseases, because when they produce waste, feces, and other stuff that comes from there body it creates viruses that can eventually DESTROY you jk, but you never know.

Also know that vectors are those buggers that carry the bacteria and diseases, aka MOSQUITOS don't cry I hate them too.

And if you use the right antibiotics we can fight the bacteria together.

Thank You so much

MY name is Quinn Abraham Lincoln and I approve this message

P.S

I am not finished

In class we took notes cough cough look up^^^^^^^^^^^^

we also took a quiz that I am pretty sure I epically failed

Also we din't have any

homework

"You can't change the world unless you change yourself"

The one and only B.I.G.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rDG0c3saE4I

peace and stay fresh as can be........

SAY CHEESE

Scribe Post

Today we went over greenhouse gasses and the human affect on the atmosphere. We learned that the burning of hydrocarbons(fossil fuels, or gas) and the desruction of rainforests are the biggest contributers to global warming.

The greenhouse affect is shown in the picture above. The greenhouse affect happens when there is too much CO2 in the atmoshphere and the sunlight that usually ecapes the atmoshphere stays in the earth heating up the planet.

This causes the melting of the polar ice caps and flooding of lower regions.

HOMEWORK: FINISH OIL SPILL MOVIE DUE TOMOROW!!!

Scribe Post, 10/27/2010

EL SCRIBE DE POST

HELLO! And welcome to today’s scribe post, it is 10/27/2010, and is currently windy with a high chance of thunderstorms, so strap on those ponchos Chicago!

Today in class, we went over the Disease of the Day, and we watched a couple of videos regarding Anthrax and various other germs, and a news report on Cholera. The video for the Cholera “out-break” can be found here, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=anFi_jYIRZE. We also took notes on Cholera, which was our Disease of the Day, and it included different types of shapes of germs, Archaebacteria, and Eubacteria. Mr. Paek also called us Bacteria >:{ .

To learn more about the notes we took, we were handed out a paper of all the slides of the day. I have taken the liberty to scan and insert the image into the post (yay!).SORRY, MY SCANNER WON'T WORK.

Eubacteria:

Exists almost everywhere, and is a new bacteriophage. They have cell walls made of peptidoglycan.

Archaebacteria:

Old bacteria cells that are virtually dead and useless, some-what rare.

Shapes of Cells:

Bacilli (rod shaped)

Cocci (spherical)

Spirrila (spirally)

How do bacteria get energy?

-Some bacteria are heterotrophs (energy from inorganic molecules)

-Some bacteria are Autotrophs (Make own food)

-Some bacteria are Photoautotroph (Uses sun)

Metabolism

-Respiration

-Obligate Aerobes – Organisms that require oxygen

-Obligate Aenorobes – Organisms that do not require oxygen

-Faccutive Aenorobes – Organisms that can survive without oxygen

MORE INFORMATION ABOUT CHOLERA:

-Bacteria

-While infected, you die from severe diarrhea, which induces very severe dehydration

-Transmitted through food

-Targets intestines

-Treat bacterial disease with anti-biotics

On another note, the Quiz is tomorrow, and it is on the text book assignment, and that is our homework for the night. Also, some student in our class has a younger brother who gets repetitive constipation. We are all here for his support.